Beyond military power, Kennedy used aerospace technology as a symbol of national prestige, pledging to make the US not “first but, first and, first if, but first period.” Despite Kennedy’s rhetoric, he did not immediately come to a decision on the status of the Apollo program once he became president. Up to the election of 1960, Kennedy had been speaking out against the “missile gap” that he and many other senators felt had formed between the Soviets and themselves due to the inaction of President Eisenhower. Kennedy was elected president after a campaign that promised American superiority over the Soviet Union in the fields of space exploration and missile defense. National Geographic Moon map, 2003 edition Kennedy’s national goal of “landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth” by the end of the 1960s, which he proposed in an address to Congress on May 25, 1961. Eisenhower’s administration as a three-man spacecraft to follow the one-man Project Mercury which put the first Americans in space, Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), First conceived during Dwight D. The last three missions had a rover for increased mobility. Cernan was the last to step off the lunar surface. All Apollo lunar missions had a third crew member who remained on board the Command Module. pilot-astronauts flying a lunar module on each of six NASA missions across a 41-month period starting on July 20, 1969, and ending on December 14, 1972, Gene Cernan and Jack Schmitt on Apollo 17. landings and numerous unmanned landings. A total of twelve men have landed on the Moon. To date, the United States is the only country to have successfully conducted manned missions to the Moon. Kennedy: “before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth.”
FIRST MAN ON THE MOON STAMP AND ENVELOPE VALUE TV
They returned to Earth and landed in the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969.īroadcast on live TV to a worldwide audience, Armstrong stepped onto the lunar surface and described the event as “one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” Apollo 11 effectively ended the Space Race and fulfilled a national goal proposed in 1961 by U.S. They jettisoned Eagle before they performed the maneuvers that blasted them out of lunar orbit on a trajectory back to Earth.
The astronauts used Eagle’s upper stage to lift off from the lunar surface and rejoin Collins in the command module. They stayed a total of about 21.5 hours on the lunar surface. Armstrong and Aldrin then moved into the lunar module Eagle and landed in the Sea of Tranquility. After being sent toward the Moon by the Saturn V’s upper stage, the astronauts separated the spacecraft from it and traveled for three days until they entered into lunar orbit.
The Apollo spacecraft had three parts: a command module (CM) with a cabin for the three astronauts, and the only part that landed back on Earth a service module (SM), which supported the command module with propulsion, electrical power, oxygen, and water and a lunar module (LM) that had two stages - a lower stage for landing on the Moon, and an upper stage to place the astronauts back into lunar orbit.
Armstrong and Aldrin spent just under a day on the lunar surface before rendezvousing with Columbia in lunar orbit.Īpollo 11 was launched by a Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, and was the fifth manned mission of NASA’s Apollo program. Michael Collins piloted the command module Columbia alone in lunar orbit while they were on the Moon’s surface. They spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft, and collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material to bring back to Earth. Armstrong became the first human in history to step onto the lunar surface six hours later on July 21 at 02:56:15 UTC Aldrin joined him about 20 minutes later. On July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the lunar module Eagle on the Moon at 20:18 UTC.
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